Wildlife conservation in India, as in most parts of the world, is complex and often contentious.
What on the surface appears to be a simple issue of protecting wild animals and plants from forces beyond
their control, on closer inspection quickly dissolves into a complex tangle of conflicting issues: human rights
versus the protection of animals and forests, the exclusion of all humans from protected areas versus the
possibility of human coexistence with wildlife and the exclusive state control over protected areas versus
increased local participation in protected area management. Indeed, beyond the broad objective of
preserving nature, there is often little in common among the various positions adopted by conservationists as
to the specifics of what is to be protected, for, by and from whom.
Conservation practice necessarily entails the imposition of regulations over access to certain
resources with specific people or institutions attempting to define who has access to those resources and on
what terms.
Project Tiger:
Launched in 1973-74, it has been one of the most successful ventures in recent times to protect the striped predator. Under the same, a few sites in India were identified and named as Tiger Reserves. Special efforts were then carried out in these reserves to save the tiger. Some of the main aims of Project Tiger are as follows.
* Elimination of all kinds of human activity in the core zones and minimisation of activity in the buffer zone.
* Assessing the damage done to the eco-system by human activity and efforts to recover it to its original form.
* Monitoring the changes taking place and studying the reasons for the same.
Initially just 9 reserves were brought under the project, a number which was increased to 27 in the year 2003. Recently a few more sites have been added to the list.
Plans are in progress to develop wireless communication systems to curb the problem of poaching. Steps like the shifting of villages outside the core area, control of livestock grazing in tiger reserves and researching data about environmental changes have also shown positive impact.
Forest is the second largest land use in India next to agriculture. The forest cover of India is assessed as 67.83 million hectares which constitute 20.64 per cent of the country's geographical area, ranging from the Himalayan Temperate to Dry Zone forests. The National Forest Policy stipulates that one-third of area should be under forest or tree cover. Being a mega-biodiversity country the nation possesses high level of endemism.
The forests play vital role in harboring more than 45,000 floral and 81,000 faunal species of which 5150 floral and 1837 faunal species are endemic. The nation has established 597 Protected Areas comprising 95 National Parks, 500 Wildlife Sanctuaries 2 conservation reserves covering 1.56 million ha area or 4.75 per cent geographical area of the country.
The rising demand for forest based products and resultant deforestation and encroachment has led to a severe loss of natural resources and destruction of habitat.
India is likely to face severe shortage of supply of timber to meet its requirement from both domestic and international front. It is estimated that the demand for timber is likely to grow from 58 million cubic metres in 2005 to 153 million cubic meters in 2020. The supply of wood is projected to increase from 29 million cubic meters in 2000 to 60 million cubic meters in 2020. As a result, the nation has to heavily depend on imports for meeting its growing demand. This could result in loss of high conservation value forests or loss of biodiversity else where.
The Living Planet Report 2006 ranked India as the third highest gross foot print nation, followed by US and China. India is presently 4 th largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity and is growing at 8-9 per cent per annum. This fast growth coupled with the needs and aspirations of more than one billion people is a challenge for conservation of forests unless environmentally responsible policies are in place. In this regard, the new strategy document of the Forest programme incorporated innovative approaches such as Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services (PES), Ecological Footprint Analysis and Forest Certification.
The identified priority landscapes for field level activities for strengthening conservation of forests and biodiversity are Western Arunachal Landscape (WAL) in eastern Himalayas and South Western Ghats Landscape (SWG L) in the Western Ghats. Besides, the programme continues to provide inputs and support to conservation programmes in other priority landscapes of WWF-India, including Terai Arc Landscape, Kanchanjunga Landscape, Sundarbans landscape.Wildlife conservation efforts in south asia counties and success met( answere should be in 3000 words or more)?
onninum kollattilla
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Here some information that may help you in your search for programs of wildlife conservation in the south asian countries:
ZOO OUTREACH ORGANIZATION:
http://www.zooreach.org/networks/chiropt鈥?/a>
The role of Zoo Outreach Organization is to encourage and promote the study of bats (Volant [flying] mammals) of South Asia, by organizing and running a network of bat specialists, and to provide them useful services. Also to catalyze, organize, conduct and follow-up conservation assessment and other workshops and training exercises for bat specialists of South Asia and public education projects as appropriate, nationally or regionally
THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY (WCS):
http://www.wcs.org/international/asia?pr鈥?/a>
From the vast forests of Papua New Guinea's Crater Mountain region to the sweeping grasslands of China鈥檚 Chang Tang Nature Reserve, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has worked for decades to help protect wildlife and wild lands. WCS ensures long-term monitoring of a selected region or species by funding ongoing graduate projects. In other cases, WCS teaches management and monitoring procedures to in-country wildlife professionals and protected area staff, or trains and hires local research biologists.
WWF-MALAYSIA:
http://www.wwfmalaysia.org/
This organization works in a diversity of project that include: Sustainable Forest Management, Marine Education and, wetlands preservation, a project for land management and habitat security for elephants and rhinos, a project that address the tiger-human conflicts (tiger predation on livestock) and identify ways to resolve these conflicts, among others projects.
MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY:
http://www.mns.org.my/about.php...
The Malaysian Nature Society works toward the protection of Malaysia natural habitats. They also work towards raising public awareness about the importance of the environment and nature conservation.
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